After Deference: Formalizing the Judicial Power for Foreign Relations Law

A Theory of Judicial Deference

In many instances, appellate courts defer to lower courts and administrative agencies; the appellate court allows the other agent’s decision to stand even though the appellate court has strong reason to believe that decision incorrect. We provide a model in which such deference is rational. Our model is set in a two-dimensional case space. One dimension reflects "global" facts that are known to...

The Judicial Adjunct and Public Law Remedies

The Law and Policy of Judicial Retirement

Judicial Security in pre trial stage in iran criminal law and Judicial precedent

Judicial Security is the concept based on which the reputation, life, property and all material and intellectual rights of the Human Being are protected by law and keep guarded by the Judiciary Power. Creating such an environment means observing some criteria by which the legal protection goal, namely reaching legal justice, is realized. Securing justice protection for all and the equal protect...

Malapportionment and Judicial Power